The Epic Of Homer s The Odyssey - 965 Words

An individual s characteristics are the key to their conduct and this is very true in Homer s the Odyssey, which takes place in 700 BC in the Mediterranean, near Greece. The epic story is about a Greek hero, named Odysseus, who has left his home country to fight in the Trojan War twenty years earlier. The focus of the epic and his mission now is to make his way back home to Ithaca. On his way, he shows some great qualities along with strengths that influence the course of his journey. Despite Odysseus getting bad a name from some readers, I do not believe that was he was a bad man or some woman-hating monster who used women to get what he wanted in life instead his mission was to get back home to his wife Penelope and son Telemachus, however he had relationships with women along the way and was forced into some very difficult situations. Odysseus gets a bad reputation I believe mostly because the way he handled Calypso, who fell madly in love with him while he was visiting her island. I can see him writing off Calypso as she is not entirely human, and as such, since she treated his men terribly, Odysseus treating her similarly does not mean that he treats all women negatively. Despite having problems and disagreements with her, he stays on her island for seven years and it is not until she is ordered to let him go that she does. He was offered immortality, which he declined because having been separated for twenty years, he wanted to get back to Penelope. He declinedShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Homer s Odyssey1433 Words   |  6 PagesHomer’s Odyssey makes use of its epic qualities to narrate the lives of three men. The tale begins with Telemachus, a young prince who leaves his homeland to learn about his father and about himself at the same time. Through the use of this initial event, Homer creates a chronolo gical structure that is further observed through the introduction of the story’s main character, Odysseus, the king of Ithaca and the father of Telemachus. Both father and son long to see each other after a decade of separationRead MoreHomer s Epic Hero, The Odyssey, By Homer1670 Words   |  7 Pagesafter war. King of Ithaca, Odysseus was a Greek champion in the Trojan War. However, he is known best not for his heroic acts during combat, but for his journey back to Ithaca, to his wife and son, in the ten years that follow. In Homer’s epic hero, The Odyssey, the Greek poet tells of Odysseus’s hardships and how he used his heroic traits to overcome them. The myth is told in twenty four books. Odysseus is a hero because of his cleverness, loyalty, leadership, and courage. Odysseus is, withoutRead MoreThe Epic Of Homer s Odyssey1480 Words   |  6 Pagesdid the writing of Homer’s The Odyssey. The Odyssey is an epic poem that is the sequel to the Iliad, which is the story of the Trojan War that was fought between Greece and the city state of Troy. The sequel is about a man named Odysseus, his family, and his lifelong journey home. The Iliad was an epic poem that got its toes wet with topics such as human thought and introspection, but that was all secondary to the actual themes which were power and war. Homer’s Odyssey is exactly like its prequel becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Epic Of The Iliad And Odyssey903 Words   |  4 PagesWith this personal narrative, I will analyze two themes from Homer’s epic’s pertaining to the Iliad and the Odyssey. I have chosen hospitality (Xenia) and shame (Aidos) as the subject of interest, and will focus on these as a main source of the topic. Xenia is the ancient Greek word for â€Å"hospitality†, which is the consideration and kindness shown to those who are far from home and/or associates of the person bestowing xenia upon them. The rituals of hospitality created and conveyed a reciprocalRead MoreThe Hero Of Homer s Epic Tale, The Odyssey1922 Words   |  8 Pagesthe mythological Grecian subject of Homer s epic tale, The Odyssey. This legendary figure displays exemplary brains and muscle, appearing almost superhuman at times. He embodies the ideals Greeks heroes aspired to: manly valor, loyalty to both his family and friends, as well as keen intelligence. The popularity of Odysseus has proven timeless; to this day, he remains greatly admired as both a hero, and an ordinary man who must overcome hurdles and embark on epic adventures in order to regain theRead MoreHomer s Odyssey : The Epic Hero999 Words   |  4 Pages Odysseus can be classified as one of the most well-known epic heroes, and a clear example of Greek priorities and ideals. Written many years after, the Aeneid likewise depicts an epic hero, Aeneas, that also completes a long journey and has closely related aspects to the story of the Odyssey. Virgil’s Aeneid imitates various crucial aspects of Homer’s Odyssey, including: the main protagonist passing through comparable sexual temptations, a similar relationship with the gods, and an analogous endRead MoreThe Epic Hero in Homer ´s The Odyssey 609 Words   |  2 Pages Epic Heroes are those that portray extraordinary traits, in which of displaying honor, integrity, sacrifice for the better, and loyalty. They are considered role models in a sense, thus providing the lessons, morals, and beliefs. Whether it is judging right from wrong, accomplishing the greater good, and many others teach lifelong messages that will continue to be passed down generation after generation. The Odyssey was written by a blind poet named Homer, who was also renowned author of The IliadRead MoreHomer s Epic Poems, The Iliad And The Odyssey1254 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Greek Poet Homer. Actually, there are many who believe that no such ‘Homer’ ever even existed in Ancient Greece. Nonetheless, it is agreed that Homer is one of the first writers that have shaped our culture immensely. Homer gives us a look into what morals the Greeks followed and what their beliefs were. Homer shows us how the Greeks put these beliefs into action by presenting multiple struggles that our characters must go through. Homer’s epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey, are thousandsRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey, The Epic Of The Classical Era Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesPaper Assignment 1 Prompt 1 Homer’s Odyssey is one of the many epic of the classical era to give an detailed overlook on the relationship between humans and gods. Odyssey is not just an adventure story about a king struggling to get back home after having gone to war; nor is it one about a son searching for his father after rumors say that he has been dead for many years. The events that take place in Homer’s Odyssey are heavily influenced by the Greek Gods. One can see how the gods interactionRead MoreEssay about The Odyssey - Gender Roles893 Words   |  4 PagesThe Odyssey is the product of a society in which the dominant role was played by men. In ancient Greece, just as in the whole of the ancient world, and in America and Western Europe until the last century, women occupied a subservient position. Society was organized and directed by men, and all of the most important enterprises were those which men arranged and implemented. Women were valued, but they participated in the affairs of the world only when they had the tacit or open approval and permission

Fair Is Foul And Foul Is Fair Essay - 760 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the tragedy, Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the paradoxical theme of â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair† functions throughout the play. The line is a prophecy which one thing seems like another. It implies especially to the characters that they are not as they seem to be. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Three Witches are the ones who introduce the paradox that runs throughout the play. The theme affects these characters because although they speak of the future, they do not seem to affect the course of it. They are the agents of fate because they only speak of the truth of what will happen. Macbeth refers to the Witches as the Weird Sisters. In fact the word quot;Weirdquot; comes from an old English word†¦show more content†¦You should be women, And yet your beards forbid me to interpret That you are so.† Macbeth also remarks that they â€Å"seem’d corporal† and yet they vanish like â€Å"bubbles into the air.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The paradoxical theme affects Macbeth’s by turning his life upside down. Macbeth is not the person he is as he seems. He is introduced as a warrior hero, whose fame in the battlefield wins him the honor from King Duncan. However, his ambitions are made clear when he reveals his inner emotions and thoughts. One example is when Macbeth says, â€Å"I am settle and bend up Each corporal agent to this terrible feat. Away, and mock the time with fairest show. False face must hide what the false heart doth know.† Macbeth knows that the act of killing Duncan is morally wrong and even agonizes over the idea of killing someone who loves him as much as Duncan does, yet decides that he will do it anyway. Macbeth does not like the fact that Duncan intends to pass the crown to his son Malcolm. The blindness of the Duncan shows when he says, â€Å"To find the mind’s construction in the face. He was a gentleman on whom I built An absolute trust,† he greets Macbeth as his â€Å"worthiest cousin.† The effect the paradox has on Macbeth is ultimately his death. When the Witches prophesize that no man born from a woman’s womb can defeat him, he feels invincible. However, Macbeth does not realize that Macduff was born unnaturally. Paradoxically, the more powerShow MoreRelatedFair Is Foul and Foul Is Fair1004 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair†. The text Macbeth is asphyxiated in themes of treachery, dishonesty, deception shown by the quote â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair†. This quote shows that despite the fact that something appears to be devout and pure it may underneath be treacherous and evil. The text is smothered in lies and betrayal from various characters. Shakespeare portrays this theme through the Witches and Hecate’s meandering of Macbeth’s prophecy which tricks Macbeth in to believing he is insuperableRead MoreMacbeth Literary Essay : Fair Is Foul And Foul Is Fair1297 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Literary Essay: â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair† In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the characters are often mislead by the impression of reality. The quote â€Å"fair is foul and foul is fair† (Shakespeare 1.1.12), is said by the three witches. This quote is very significant, as it is an elaborate theme throughout the play. Also, the word fair means good, and foul means evil. Fair is foul and foul is fair is a theme that demonstrates how appearances often differs from reality. ThisRead MoreAmerican Paradox : Fair Is Foul, And Foul Is Fair1759 Words   |  8 PagesJessica Patterson Kaci L. West ENGL 1102-8 May 5, 2015 American Paradox: â€Å"Fair is Foul, and Foul is Fair† Shakespeare’s play Macbeth is known for its plot twists and ambiguous words. Throughout the play Macbeth believed the witches prophecy that he would become king. Macbeth obsessed over the idea of becoming king. He began to manipulate his friends and family, and ultimately he killed himself and everyone he loved. The witches were able to influence Macbeth into believing the prophecy was trueRead MoreEssay Macbeth Themes: Fair Is Foul and Foul Is Fair900 Words   |  4 PagesThe theme of ‘Fair is foul, foul is fair’ permeates throughout the play Macbeth. Explain what it means, providing examples from the play to support your answer: One of the most important themes in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare comes from one of the last lines in Act 1, Scene 1 of the play. The three witches speak this simple line ‘Fair is foul, and foul is fair,’ shortly before they disperse and it becomes a prophecy and an underlying warning for the rest of the play. The connotationsRead MoreThe Theme Fair is Foul and Foul is Fair in Macbeth by William Shakespeare1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme Fair is Foul and Foul is Fair in Macbeth by William Shakespeare The witches in a barren heath are the first to mention Macbeth - thus indicating that he, the main character of the play, has, or will have a very strong tie to them and evil. Shakespeare opens the play with a dark and mysterious atmosphere, setting the mood of the play using a thunderstorm, an example of pathetic fallacy, a device used effectively throughout the play. This opening suggests thatRead More1. (1.1) Witches Fair is foul and foul is fair this quotation is stated in line 10 by the500 Words   |  2 Pages1. (1.1) Witches Fair is foul and foul is fair this quotation is stated in line 10 by the witches in the opening of the play.This quotation is very important because it introduces what the whole play is going to be about. How what is fair to them might not be fair to others. This quote is magnificent because it provides a wonderful example of paradox by letting the audience know that even tough something bad might occur it will benefit someone else. 2. (1.3) First Witch Though his bark cannotRead More Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - Beyond the Fair and Foul1059 Words   |  5 PagesMore to Macbeth than Fair and Foul      Ã‚  Ã‚   The statement Fair is foul, and foul is fair does not thoroughly express the many themes of Shakespeares Macbeth.   The first time this statement occurs is very early in the play, when the witches chant the exact line Fair is foul, and foul is fair(I.i.12) only for Macbeth to repeat it himself two scenes later.   This repetition of the lines shows that the characters themselves believe that there are many foul events taking place.   Firstly, one canRead MoreElucidation Regarding the Stages Set by Fair is foul, and foul is fair (I: i, 10), in William Shakespeares The Tragedy of Macbeth1076 Words   |  5 Pagesutilizes many paradoxes in The Tragedy of Macbeth to provide entertainment for the audience. The people during the Renaissance loved paradoxes because of their unique structure. In the exposition, the paradoxes the witches present, â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair† (I: i, 10), sets the stages of the tragedy because it holds various significant me aning. Literally, the quotation transcends to good is bad, and bad is good; however, it actually implies that one cannot assume anything. The paradoxRead MoreTheme of Fair is Foul in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay2104 Words   |  9 PagesTheme of Fair is Foul in William Shakespeares Macbeth Fair is Foul is the major theme in Macbeth and is present throughout the play in both the characters and the events. Fair is Foul refers to the contrast of good and evil in the play, since Macbeth commits many evil murders for what seem to be good reasons. There are several false and secretive characters, such as the Witches, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, because of the contradiction of good and evil. Therefore the Read MoreEssay on How Macbeths Character Turns from Fair to Foul2338 Words   |  10 PagesHow Macbeths Character Turns from Fair to Foul Shakespeare’s text ‘Macbeth’ is the tale of a man ruined by his own ambition. The story of Macbeth is an example of power at the expense of everything else, he begins the play as a strong character that is greatly admired, however as the play progresses Macbeths personality and actions become more and more devious which eventually leads to his destruction. His character changed from a ‘brave’ and ‘noble’ person to a ‘dead

Women Who Receive the Death Penalty free essay sample

This paper discusses the different issues that are considered when women are tried for violent crimes. This paper examines whether or not gender bias plays a role in the courts decisions to convict women and sentence them to death for violent crimes. In order to try to answer these questions, the paper begins by giving a brief history of capital punishment in the United States. The author also discusses some different cases where women were convicted of violent crimes and received the death penalty. The author presents the many factors that were considered when deciding on the sentencing including how gender bias affects the courts decision when handing down sentencing and how women are often viewed as being victims, as is often the case in domestic abuse, when charged with a crime. The final issue discussed is the role that politics plays in perpetuating how women and capital cases are often dealt with in America. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Who Receive the Death Penalty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The case of Karla Faye Tucker has been famous. Karla had killed two people with a pickaxe in 1984. She was put on death row for fourteen years, and in that time, had claimed she found Jesus. She died by lethal injection on February 3rd, 1998. Why such a long wait? If Karla were a male, would the Supreme Court have to wait so long to prove an execution? Well, yes, actually. The courts want a long time to confirm the death sentence on a criminal so they can be precise and just. What perhaps happened to Karla was there were many pleas to free her and, since she was a woman, the court felt it should do something for her sake. For a while, no one had really paid a great deal of concentration to the gender bias until this recent case.

The Crash Essay Example For Students

The Crash Essay Kris wheeled to class on her first day at the new school. She noticed people staring at her, but that wasnt strange to her. Kris knew it would be hard to make new friends because of her disability, but she would try her best. The first four hours of school flew by. Kris didnt say too much except her name and her hometown during the morning classes. At lunch she wheeled over to a table and sat by herself for a few minutes. Eventually three girls that she recognized from her social classes came to sit by her. The girls stated to ask her various questions about her previous school and activities she participated in. Mary, the boldest of the group, finally asked her how she became handicapped. Kris told the girls the dreaded story she must have repeated a hundred times. It was about the crash. We will write a custom essay on The Crash specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It was a Saturday morning that started as any other. Kris rolled out of bed and stumbled down the stairs to watch television. After watching a cartoon, her mother told her to run upstairs and get dressed. She wanted Kris to go to the convince store on the corner of the street to get milk and eggs. Kris ran upstairs, threw some clothes on, and ran through the house to the garage. She hopped on her bicycle and peddled up to the store. She trotted into the store to get the groceries. She grabbed a gallon of milk and a dozen eggs. Kris proceeded to the register and paid for the groceries. She trotted out the door just as she trotted in. Kris hopped on her bike and peddled down the block. As she crossed the first intersection, an old, rusted-out car struck her bicycle sending her flying through the air. The old jalopy sped off without even stopping. When Kris woke up, she was in a hospital and couldnt feel her legs. Her first thought was that they were gone; she glanced down and they were still there. The doctor rushed into the room as soon as Kris came to. The doctor told her that she fractured her back and wouldnt walk again. Kris looked up at the girls across the table. They looked at her in disbelief; they couldnt believe her unfortunate story. They said they were sorry, but she had heard that phrase a thousand times. By the end of the school day, she knew that she had three new friends. She guessed that they liked her out of sympathy, but it was better than no friends at all. Bibliography:

Administrative Assistant

Ace the Interview Secretary/Administrative Assistant If youre new to the professional arena, chances are you may be new to interviewing as well. These tips from Best-Job-Interview.com can help you practice your answers and prepare to face your interview with poise, wit, and composure.First off,   review your resume and cover letter and have anecdotes from your work background- even if youre making a career change or only have informal internship experience- ready to go when prompted. Be able to talk specifically about what you did in your last position and how that prepares you to meet the challenges of this prospective job.Here are some common questions you might face on interview day.What made you apply for this job?The answer to this one should not be Because I need money, even if thats the honest truth! Identify some aspects of the jobs responsibilities or the company itself that make you most excited to join their team. Do you see it as part of your long-term goals? Do you pride yourself on providing excellent customer service? Have you always wanted to work for a major media outlet?What motivates you?Again, the right answer here is not $$$$! Be wary of potentially prejudicial responses- employers are legally not allowed to ask about age, marital status, or whether youre a parent, but many people reveal this information too casually in questions like these. Its sexist and nonsensical, sure, but to be on the safe side, come up with an answer about your drive, or your enthusiasm for the industry, or a mentor/role model who inspires you.What qualities do you consider most important in a secretary or administrative professional?Refer directly to your resume if you need examples for this one! You can also memorize some of the requirements from the job posting and rattle those off to show you understand the company culture and are ready to rise to their expectations.What are some of your strengths and weaknesses?This is a time for medium honesty. Be confident about your strengths, for sure- particularly if you k now you have references who will agree that youre a dynamic go-getter with poise and a professional attitude. Then,  perform that age-old weaknesses spin where you highlight your perfectionism or the fact that youre so eager to do well that sometimes you need help with prioritizing tasks.What did you enjoy the most, and the least, about your last job?Your answer to this question should reveal something about your attitude towards work in general, but shouldnt devolve into complaints about your last job. After all, if youll complain  about your previous employer, theres nothing to suggest you wont complain  equally freely about your next one.The absence of challenges, support, or adequate benefits is a pretty safe one, or if there were no long-term opportunities for you there.An employer wants to hear that you have real-world experience, that youre an effective employee, and that you can think creatively  about different job contexts. For example, my first job out of college, my main work experience was as a Teaching Assistant and as an employee of Build-a-Bear Workshop. I was able to demonstrate that hosting a birthday party for ten sugared-up 9-year-olds was pretty similar to shepherding a dynamic list of titles to publication, to the amusement of the editors who were interviewing me. Hey, I got the job!

How Total Fertility Rate Affects a Countrys Population

How Total Fertility Rate Affects a Countrys Population The term total fertility rate describes the total number of children the average women in a population is likely to have based on current birth rates throughout her life. The number ranges from more than six children per woman in developing countries in Africa to around one child per woman in Eastern European and highly developed Asian countries. Replacement Rate The concept of replacement rate is associated with total fertility rate.  The replacement rate is the number of children each woman needs to have to maintain current population levels, or what is known as zero population growth, for her and the father.   In developed countries, the necessary replacement rate is about 2.1. Since replacement cannot occur if a child does not grow to maturity and have their own offspring, the need for the extra 0.1 child (a 5 percent buffer) per woman is due to the potential for death and factors in those who choose or are unable to have children. In less developed countries, the replacement rate is around 2.3 because of higher childhood and adult death rates. World Fertility Rates Vary Widely Nonetheless, with total fertility rates of 6.01 in Mali and 6.49 in Niger (as of 2017), the resultant growth in these countries populations is expected to be phenomenal over the next few years, unless growth rates and total fertility rates drop. For example, Malis 2017 population was approximately 18.5 million, up from 12 million a decade prior. If Malis high total fertility rate per woman continues, the population will continue to explode. Malis 2017 growth rate of 3.02 means a doubling time of just 23 years. Other countries with high total fertility rates included Angola at 6.16, Somalia at 5.8, Zambia at 5.63, Malawi at 5.49, Afghanistan at 5.12, and Mozambique at 5.08. On the other hand, more than 70 countries had (as of 2017) a total fertility rate of less than 2. Without immigration or an increase in total fertility rates, all of these countries will have declining populations over the next few decades. Some of the lowest total fertility rates included developed as well as developing countries. Examples of countries with low fertility rates were Singapore at 0.83, Macau at 0.95,  Lithuania at 1.59, the Czech Republic at 1.45, Japan at 1.41, and   Canada at 1.6. The U.S. Fertility Rate Is Below Replacement The total fertility rate for the United States in 2017 was below replacement value at 1.87 and the total fertility rate for the world was 2.5, down from 2.8 in 2002 and 5.0 in 1965. Chinas one-child policy definitely shows in the countrys total low fertility rate of 1.6. Different cultural groups within a country can exhibit different total fertility rates. In the United States, for example, when the countrys total fertility rate was 1.82 (in 2016), the total fertility rate was 2.09 for Hispanics, 1.83 for African Americans, 1.69 for Asians, and 1.72 for whites, still the largest ethnic group. Total fertility rates are closely tied to growth rates for countries and can be an excellent indicator of future population growth or decline for a country or for a population within a country.

Ethnography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnography - Essay Example n which the members of this church maintain a close-knit, family relationship by examining worship practices, family relationships and subgroup relationships within the greater whole. The data for this analysis was collected over a period of weeks in which the author kept a journal of his observations while attending church. While the author was a participant in these proceedings, effort was made to step back and view the proceedings from the perspective of the outsider without sacrificing the insights available to the insider. Journal entries were made on a weekly basis beginning September 4, 2006 and ending October 23, 2006. There are approximately 250 listed members of this particular church, 230 of which attend on a regular basis. The members of the church range in ages from the very young to the very old, with a majority of the members falling within the middle age category. The congregation is also comprised of a wide variety of ethnicities, primarily Russian, Lebanese and Greek. The worship service itself functions as a reminder of a call to family togetherness. One of the first actions parishioners observe as they walk into the church is to light a candle in the Narthex in memory of a deceased relative or loved one – the author typically lights one in memory of a deceased uncle. They then kiss the icon and cross themselves on the chest three times before taking their places to ensure they are in proper frame of mind to receive the instruction to follow. The sermon, usually covering a topic that is loving and nonjudgmental, typically lasts approximately one hour. Following the sermon, the congregation files out, kissing the priest and the cross he holds as they pass. From here, most members of the congregation file into a large dining room in which they partake of foods brought in from individual members. Toward the end of the period of study, a young girl was baptized in a child-size plastic swimming pool that had obviously been purchased at

Winners Go First Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Winners Go First - Essay Example The setting of the story contains a field which the two brothers enter to play with rocks, cans and bottles. The writer has showed daytime, and has lucidly described that the overall setting through use of imagination and wordy descriptions. The writer has, very skillfully, described the dialogues of the main characters, because the reader comes to know the internal psyche of the two brothers through their conversation. For example, Anthony says to Torrie, â€Å"Boy, you oughta quit. You been reading too many of them king fu books† (Masiki, as cited in McCann & Estess, 2002). This dialogue show the mockery Anthony expresses about Torrie. When he sees Torrie praying, he says, â€Å"I wasn’t praying. I was concentrating.† On this statement, Torrie feels a conflict between his internal conception of character and the reality of the outside world. Torrie says at an instance, â€Å"Look. Just go ahead and throw, and stop clowning,† which shows Torrie’s conflict with his elder brother and his rejection of the latter’s mocking

Islam and Religious Group Essay Example for Free

Islam and Religious Group Essay Select at least 1 religious and 1 ethnic group not your own from the list below. †¢Religious groups (based on http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf) oChristianity †¢Evangelical Protestant †¢Mainline Protestant †¢Historically Black Churches †¢Roman Catholic †¢Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) †¢Jehovah’s Witnesses †¢Orthodox (Greek, Eastern) oJudaism (Orthodox, Conservative, or Reform) oBuddhism (Theravada or Mahayana) oIslam (Sunni, Shia, Sufism) oHinduism †¢Ethnic groups (based on divisions in U.S. Census Bureau documents) oAsian (Asian descent) oBlack (African descent) oHispanic and Latino (South or Central American descent) oPacific Islander (Polynesian descent) oWhite (European descent) Part III Answer the following questions in 150 to 250 words each about the religious group you selected: †¢How does your selected religious group differ from other religious groups (such as in their beliefs, worship practices, or values)? †¢What has been the experience of your selected religious group with others that do not share its beliefs or practices? †¢In what ways has the religious group you selected contributed to American culture? †¢Provide specific examples of prejudice or discrimination your selected religious group has experienced. †¢What were the sources of this prejudice or discrimination? †¢Does what you’ve learned about this religious group help you understand it? In what ways? Answer the following questions in 150 to 250 words each about the ethnic group you selected: †¢How does your selected ethnic group differ from other ethnic groups (such as differences in ancestry, language, or culture)? †¢What has been your selected ethnic group’s experience with other ethnic groups? †¢In what ways has the ethnic group you selected contributed to American culture? †¢Identify some specific examples of prejudice or discrimination that your selected ethnic group has experienced historically. †¢What were the sources of this prejudice or discrimination? †¢Does what you’ve learned about this ethnic group help you understand it? How? Part IV Answer the following questions in 150 to 250 words each: †¢How are the prejudice and discrimination experienced by your selected religious group and ethnic group similar? †¢How are they different? †¢Can you draw any conclusions about discrimination from this comparison

Womens Studies Essays -- Analysis, Evelyn Nakano Glenn

Evelyn Nakano Glenn, Professor of Gender and Women’s Studies and of Ethnic Studies at Berkeley, University of California serves as Founding Director of the University’s Center for Race and Gender (Glenn 2). It is a leading American center in the study of intersectionality amongst genders, class social groups, institutions and race. Her scholarly work includes focus on the dynamics of gender, race and the prevailing processes of inequality and exclusion in class structures in the social setting. Her earlier work included the documentation of neglected women employed in the domestic services sector, due to their skin color (race) and that of women holding clerical posts. This led her into historical research on the issue of gender structure and race in the structural makeup of the local labor markets and hitherto consequences of the American labor market on the positions of the workers. This included the forms of resistance/ self-preservation available to them. She has al so engaged in the comparative analysis of gender and race in the construction of citizenship and labor across the United States of America. Her upbringing greatly influenced her critical thinking and perspective of the world, due to her racial background and the situation of the time. In the aftermath of the Pearl Harbor tragedy, her parents were among thousands of other Japanese Americans imprisoned in American internment camps. The war pitted the Axis powers against the Allied forces, with the latter eventually emerging the victors. This shaped the political and philosophical thoughts of the time with Liberalism emerging as the dominant theory of the time. Others that were to subsequently emerge were in one way or the other linked to this thought with some aspec... ... same character traits. Proper and sequential legislation addressing these issues should be passed based on them either as a grouping or in their individual aspects. This is to ensure better understanding, appreciation and acknowledgement of every human being that composes the global community. In conclusion, Evelyn Nakano Glenn’s scholarly work includes focus on the dynamics of gender, race and the prevailing processes of inequality and exclusion in class structures in the social setting. She considers Liberalism, as a political thought, entails the plurality of actors in the international political arena and Republicanism as an Ideology that is embraced by the citizenry of a republic. This has been exemplified by the widely held ideal of the American â€Å"worker citizen† as being the twin attributes of ‘whiteness/ blackness and ‘masculinity/feminism.

Beanstalk: The Real Story

Last October 3, 10 and 12, 2012 it was a hot afternoon when we watch a movie entitled Jack and the Beanstalk: The Real Story, this movie was related to our last topic in management 5. Instead of having a formal meeting in our subject in Social Responsibility and Good Governance, we need to watch because after that we need to have a reaction paper regarding the movie. In the beginning, the story makes me feel bored of watching and listening because the audio and the cast of the movie speak very fast and I don’t understand what they saying.And another reason is somebody caught my attention or maybe I’m not used to watch a movie at noon. However, the last day of the movie story, I had the opportunity to listen carefully to the thoughts and moral lessons of the movie I realized it was interesting. Jack and the Beanstalk: The Real Story is just one of the many versions, where the setting, time and place may be different, but they have one similar scope and ending. In this ca se, the giant dying, and Jack running away with the giant’s riches.It was directed by Brian Henson, the cast includes Matthew Modine as the modern day inheritor of Jack, Mia Sara as a mysterious woman attempting to bring him to justice for the murder of a giant, Jon Voight as the descendant's greedy manager and Vanessa Redgrave an elderly relative of the inheritor etc. The story begins in a wealthy businessman Jack Robinson with no time for anything but to work. His building a new casino on the site of the family castle in England. During the construction, the workers discover the skeleton of a giant.A mysterious young woman called Ondine appears and accuses Jack of being â€Å"a thief and a murderer†. The man goes to the old Jack’s house and sees an old woman whom Jack recognizes as a great-aunt who he believed was dead. The old woman tells him the traditional version of the â€Å"Jack and the Beanstalk† in which the giant is portrayed as a selfish. Beca use of the doubt, Jack decides to go to another world where all is revealed to him along with the story of his ancestor, the original Jack and the Beanstalk. All the people in the magical world believe that he is the one who steal the goose and harp they want Jack to die.In order to save his own life, Jack must right the wrongs of the past and return the magical harp and goose that lays the golden eggs to their rightful home. With the return of the Goose and Harp, the Giants' world is restored. After returning to his world, Jack saves the company's reputation and he decides to support the project of genetically-engineered plants that he previously rejected. At the end, Ondine returns to Jack, where she is allowed to spend one Giant week (seven years in our world) with him and they lived happily ever after.The story has been changed from the traditional Jack and the Beanstalk. The giant has been transformed into a good giant, and Jack has been transformed into thief. I think this is the best part of this new version when Jack returned what his ancestors have stolen from the giant; he not only restored a world’s riches. He also earned for himself a new meaning of life. Jack Robinson corrected his ancestor’s faults after how many years. In our case as people, if we want our future to be better, we must right the wrong of the past.Question, are you ready to face the truth and the consequences of your past actions and decisions? Of course, it takes time to even accept the truth but with acceptance comes joy and peace and with the two, comes the right decisions and actions. Yes, it takes time, but it will be worth it for sure. And lastly the movie or let say the beanstalk is trying to tell us that to reap life’s riches, we need to grow up, climb and do the work. Life is full of harmonious and fateful encounters. Dream it and embrace possibilities!

Biological Theories of Crime Essay

What are the central assumptions of biological theories of crime? How do such theories differ from other perspectives that attempt to explain the same phenomena? Biological Theories of Crime These theories are provided by contemporary criminologist who relates the interaction between surrounding social and physical environments with biological influences and how it in turn shapes behavioral propensity and criminal activities too. Many researchers think that it can be passed down to their child to be more risk of committing the crime. The finding in the research is not as accurate as they want it to be based on the individual they conducted the test is not so accurate. There is a belief that will bring down that lower level in neurotransmitter cause a person to be anti-social towards an individual. The biological theories are based on the neurotransmitters, hormone, and central nervous system that may cause an individual to act out in an aggressive and violent way toward victims. What biological factors does this lesson suggest might substantially influence human aggression? The Human Genome Project The use of genetic knowledge developed by the HGP is likely to have momentous implications for both individuals and society. Many of the questions criminologists have raised about the role of genetics in criminal behavior may be answered by the results of research begun by the HGP. 7 In the area of crime-control policy, HGP-related information is expected to support the development of public policy options related to crime pre-vention and the treatment of offenders. Genetics and Heritability Theories The compositions of the human genes is believed to carry out an important role in relations to criminal aggression and it causation. With no explicit indentification of the gene, Crimimologist believe that the influence of social and physical environment is more like to predetermine one to become aggresive of crimimal more than genetical prediposition. Brain Dysfunction Theories Most anomalies to the human brain may trigger a criminal instinct and abnomality in behaviours. Body Chemistry Theories This theory reveals how disruptive behaviour could seldom be reconnected to inadequate nutrition in the body which affects the human body. Hormones and Criminality Theories Quite similar to the body chemistry, however the connection is identified with hormonal influences. Biosocial Criminology Theories This theory observes the interacting conncetion that exist between the social environments and biology which is paramount to perception of the human behavior

Free Essays on Beatles

with sound. Yet, sometimes it can be passionate. A band is simply just people who transport music. Yet, sometimes they can be a big influence to others. They are the most popular musical artists in Rock and Roll through out the century. They are the one who most likely captures the media's attention. They are the most famous band in the World during the 60s and the 70s. They are the Beatles. The foursome guys who have talent with style, and together they create art in the musical World. Talking about the Beatles, nobody can refuse to mention the origin of the band, as well as their influences in the music, and their lives during the glorious times. The band was the combination of the four young talented musicians and singers, John Lennon, Paul Mccartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. All four Beatles were born and grown up in working class families in the same city of Liverpool. Yet, they never knew each other. John Lennon, a trouble maker and intelligent young student at the ti me, and a few friends formed the band. Since John later met Paul and Goerg, the history began. Ringo didnot join the band until their career made a turn to victory. The band first was named "The Quarry Men". However, going through many changes, eventually, they played under various names, icluding the Moondogs, the Werbles, Johnny, and finally the Beatles.... Free Essays on Beatles Free Essays on Beatles Music is an entertainment. yet, sometimes it can make history. A song is simply just words with sound. Yet, sometimes it can be passionate. A band is simply just people who transport music. Yet, sometimes they can be a big influence to others. They are the most popular musical artists in Rock and Roll through out the century. They are the one who most likely captures the media's attention. They are the most famous band in the World during the 60s and the 70s. They are the Beatles. The foursome guys who have talent with style, and together they create art in the musical World. Talking about the Beatles, nobody can refuse to mention the origin of the band, as well as their influences in the music, and their lives during the glorious times. The band was the combination of the four young talented musicians and singers, John Lennon, Paul Mccartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. All four Beatles were born and grown up in working class families in the same city of Liverpool. Yet, they n ever knew each other. John Lennon, a trouble maker and intelligent young student at the time, and a few friends formed the band. Since John later met Paul and Goerg, the history began. Ringo didnot join the band until their career made a turn to victory. The band first was named "The Quarry Men". However, going through many changes, eventually, they played under various names, icluding the Moondogs, the Werbles, Johnny, and finally the Beatles.... Free Essays on Beatles There is a saying that a company’s most important asset is its employees, and Target Corporation has embraced that. The corporation has a very low turnover rate in the members of upper management, which creates a healthy environment in the decision making process. A high turnover rate can cause a disruption in the decision making process. Since the stability of upper management remains intact, mostly each member would be used to the creative process, work ethics and style of the next member. It removes the guessing work in the process. A low turnover rate of upper management also works positively towards the decision-making process. It takes a considerable amount of resources to hire, train and coach a new employee. The process can be very tedious and expensive. The money saved from this can be used elsewhere, and the time can be used constructively in the decision-making process. Target Corporation also has a large share of the market in the Midwest, which means more recognition for the company. The bottom line is, the more recognized the stores are, the more likely customers would shop there, and that would increase revenue. So, having a large market share would impact the way Target does business. They would perhaps change their existing plans and concentrate mostly on gaining more of the market share, or just focus more on providing better service to their existing market. Target Corporation has also entered the world of Internet shopping. With the Internet, their customer base is unlimited. They have access to customers all over the world. With such stiff competition on the web, Target may have to change its marketing style to be more competitive. They may also need to change some policies regarding customer service. Since the customers on the other side of the computer and not face to face, that would call for some major changes as to dealing with customers. Whether an internal factor is a strength or weakn...

How to Conjugate the Verb Comprare in Italian

How to Conjugate the Verb Comprare in Italian Some definitions of â€Å"comprare† include, to buy, and to purchase. What to Know About â€Å"Comprare†: It’s a regular verb, so it follows the typical -are verb ending patternIt’s a transitive verb, so it takes a direct object.The infinito is â€Å"comprare†.The participio passato is â€Å"comprato†.The gerund form is â€Å"comprando†.The past gerund form is â€Å"avendo comprato†. Indicativo/Indicative Il presente io compro noi compriamo tu compri voi comprate lui, lei, Lei compra essi, Loro comprano Esempi Oggi compro un po’ di pane ed un etto di prosciutto. - Today I’m buying a bit of bread and an ounce of prosciutto. Il passato prossimo io ho comprato noi abbiamo comprato tu hai comprato voi avete comprato lui, lei, Lei, ha comprato essi, Loro hanno comprato Esempi Hai appena comprato un regalo per Stefano? - Have you already bought a gift for Stefano? L’imperfetto io compravo noi compravamo tu compravi voi compravate lui, lei, Lei comprava essi, Loro compravano Esempi Ogni sabato, compravo un gelato alla fragola. - Every Saturday, I bought a strawberry gelato. Il trapassato prossimo io avevo comprato noi avevamo comprato tu avevi comprato voi avevate comprato lui, lei, Lei aveva comprato essi, Loro avevano comprato Esempi Ti ricordi il libro di grammatica che avevi comprato due anni fa? L’ho ritrovato! - Do you remember the grammar that you bought two years ago? I found it! Il passato remoto io comprai noi comprammo tu comprasti voi compraste lui, lei, Lei compr essi, Loro comprarono Esempi Comprà ² delle bottiglie di vino. - He bought some bottles of wine. Il trapassato remoto io ebbi comprato noi avemmo comprato tu avesti comprato voi aveste comprato lui, lei, Lei ebbe comprato essi, Loro ebbero comprato TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io comprer noi compreremo tu comprerai voi comprerete lui, lei, Lei comprer essi, Loro compreranno Esempi Comprerà ² una casa in Toscana!   - I will buy a house in Tuscany. Il futuro anteriore io avr comprato noi avremo comprato tu avrai comprato voi avrete comprato lui, lei, Lei avr comprato essi, Loro avranno comprato Esempi Avr comprato una nuova macchina! - He must have bought a new car! Congiuntivo/Subjunctive Il presente che io compri che noi compriamo che tu compri che voi compriate che lui, lei, Lei compri che essi, Loro comprino Esempi Preferisco che tu compri i girasoli invece dei mughetti. - I prefer that you buy the sunflowers instead of the lilies. Il passato io abbia comprato noi abbiamo comprato tu abbia comprato voi abbiate comprato lui, lei, Lei abbia comprato essi, Loro abbiano comprato Esempi Spero che abbiate comprato abbastanza vino per la festa. - I hope that you all bought enough wine for the party. L’imperfetto io comprassi noi comprassimo tu comprassi voi compraste lui, lei, Lei comprasse essi, Loro comprassero Esempi Era strano che lei non comprasse i libri per il corso. - It was strange that she didn’t buy the books for the course. Il trapassato prossimo io avessi comprato noi avessimo comprato tu avessi comprato voi aveste comprato lui, lei, Lei avesse comprato essi, Loro avessero comprato Esempi Pensavo che tu avessi gi comprato l’anello! - I thought you had already bought the ring! Condizionale/Conditional Il presente io comprerei noi compreremmo tu compreresti voi comprereste lui, lei, Lei comprerebbe essi, Loro comprerebbero Esempi: Comprerei tutto in questo negozio! - I would buy everything in this shop! Il passato io avrei comprato noi avremmo comprato tu avresti comprato voi avreste comprato lui, lei, Lei avrebbe comprato essi, Loro avrebbero comprato Se non ti dicevo che ero allergica,   avresti comprato le rose rosse vero? - If I didn’t tell you I was allergic, you would have bought the red roses, right?

Transportation Infrastructure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Transportation Infrastructure - Research Paper Example Due to this reason, users consult reliable companies which utilize the latest modes of transportation and technologies for efficient delivery. The use of latest technologies has introduced new trends in transportation industry and put certain direct implications on different actors associated with this field (http://www.transportationissuesdaily.com/technologys-role-in-moving-people-goods-quicker/). These actors include infrastructure (e.g. roads, highways, bridges, railways, subways, tramways, airports, seaports etc), modes of transportation (e.g. buses, cars, rails, trams, planes, freights etc), and functions pertaining to of transportation industry. Since users keep themselves continuously engage with new innovative services in all facets of life, therefore, by focusing on transportation infrastructure, this paper mainly describes the modern developments in transportation infrastructure and its ultimate impact on different aspects of transportation. Infrastructure is basically an organized physical structure which is established for a particular operation at government or corporate level. In particular context, the word infrastructure is used for transportation like roads, water supply, and communications etc. in other words, â€Å"the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions† (Fulmer, 2009). Similarly, transportation infrastructure is an organized structure which is utilized for the shipment of goods, commodities, services and even passengers from one place to another (http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/infrastructure). The transportation infrastructure is the sum of all technical instruments and organizations designed to enable persons, commodities, and news to master space. Its format any given time responds to the complex of human needs, economic, social, cultural, ecclesiastical etc.

A study of how to synergize the works of internal auditors and Research Proposal

A study of how to synergize the works of internal auditors and external auditors to listed companies - Research Proposal Example Auditing has been designate as an important part of the disclosure process. The proposed research will identify the functions of internal and external audits, and determine how these functions can be synergized to ensure fairer and true audit reporting. The proposed research study intends to meet the following objectives: determine the significance of internal and external audits; determine the relationship between internal and external audit functions; and develop strategies to better audit functions in listed companies. Investment decisions are made based on financial information available at the time the decision is made. If theinvestor’s intentions are to be matched then the financial information provided must be fair and true. The concept of fairness involves impartial accounting of financial efforts. One such method of ensuring that the financial information is fair and true involves audit(Alzurqan&Al_Sufy 2011, p. 56). Audit is afinancial control toolapplied incorporate governance to acts as a safety measure against financial fraud and/or negligenceby company managers. It certifies that the stated financial information candidlyrepresentsreality, and that expenses have been sustained with regard to consistency and correctness. The principal function of audit is to:authenticatefinancial informationcorrectness and comprehensiveness;ensurefinancial information is tabulated correctly; and ensure that all expenses are approved and assured. Audit confirms that financial guidelines and instructionssatisfylegal provisions (Yuniarti 2011, pp. 84-85). Auditors are responsible for financial reporting, observance of code of ethics, risk management and compliance with pertinent regulations. The internal and external auditors work independently but on duplicated functions with the internal audit team responsible for preparing financial statements while the external audit team is

Assess critically the English international private law governing the Essay

Assess critically the English international private law governing the traditional, personal law, concept of domicile - Essay Example And the United Kingdom citizens are not spared from this fact. In this essay, it is necessary to establish that law in this context is global in nature of which territories or jurisdictions are involved, thereby not limited within the United Kingdom. Although UK private law secures individuals and families, international private law involves any individual citizen of any state or country and other country laws and jurisdiction as well as the individual's country of citizenship or origin. The United Kingdom Parliament (2004) acknowledges that "Sometimes new laws are needed to ensure that the UK complies with International or European Law. The Human Rights Act 1998 and the Freedom of Information Act 2000 are recent examples of this." Edwards (2006) pointed out that while "statements cross national boundaries, inevitably problems of international private law are invoked, with difficult questions raised such as what country (or countries) will have jurisdiction to hear any action for damages raised, what country's law should govern the action (the choice of law question) and if a decree is obtained, how can it be enforced if the defender lives out with the jurisdiction of the court" In this case, it has been proposed that "action must be raised in the courts of the domicile of the defender (but) it should also be noted that forum non conveniens is still a possible plea in actions involving intra-UK jurisdiction only, although not actions between parties from different states party to the Brussels Convention" (Edwards, 2006) The concept of domicile have always been associated with UK tax, and with the integration of European Union as well as the increasing diversity of United Kingdom population, domicile is becoming more interesting to many individuals (Waldon, 2006). Nevertheless, it is not limited to tax but also marriage and legitimacy while every individual have one single domicile at one time. The various categories of domicile include origin, dependency, choice, and deemed domicile. The domicile of origin is hereditary such as the case of a legitimate child. In the United Kingdom, domicile of origin is based on the domicile status of the child's father during its birth, but in some instances, it is based on the domicile status of the mother. The domicile of origin is most often described as "adhesive" of which a status prevails until an alternative domicile has been acquired. It has two alternative categories: the domicile of dependency and domicile of choice. The domicile of dependency primarily related to children under the age of sixteen based upon the domicile status of the father at the date of birth. In cases where the domicile status of the father changes while the child is still dependent or under the age 16, the child's domicile status follows that of the father's. Upon reaching the age of 16, the domicile of dependency will be replaced by a domicile of choice in the same jurisdiction. This also applies to women married before January 1 1974 as these women acquired a domicile of dependency based upon the status of their husbands. Domicile of choice alters the domicile of origin in an alternative jurisdiction. This may happen when an individual is able to illustrate actual physical

Effective Next-generation WAN Architecture

Effective Next-generation WAN Architecture WAN Architecture Get robust, scalable, and easy-to-use management tools that can handle the complexity of your multiservice and packet voice network.   WAN provides extensive, reliable, and scalable element management capabilities to help you rapidly deploy and manage services. The high-performance carrier-class element and network management product is deployed worldwide in some of the largest service provider networks. It can operate as a standalone system or can be integrated as an element using its northbound interfaces for highly efficient flow-through operations Enhanced operator workflow and usability simplify configuration, fault monitoring, and troubleshooting operations. The enterprise business is changing as new types of payroll systems.. As the number of branches continues to increase, the reliable and secure delivery of these evolving services demands a network that can similarly evolve to meet these demands and enable business success. IT professionals require higher network performance, scalability, availability, security, and service capabilities. The Branch-WAN payroll system architecture is developed to address these key areas of customer concerns. To meet these requirements, the Branch-WAN payroll system architecture features scalable and resilient network infrastructure, integrated security, wireless, and payroll system intelligence to provide seamless service capabilities that include Unified Communication, media collaboration, and data/Web 2.0. Architecture This is dedicated to delivering solutions that meet and exceed customers business and technology requirements by integrating best technologies, services, and platforms. The WAN Payroll system architecture is part of a comprehensive approach to providing an end-to-end enterprise network architecture. This model is known as Places in the Network architecture. The architecture addresses the differing requirements for systems design and deployment in the three principal network areas: the campus, the data center, Internet edge, and the WAN. See Figure 1 Figure 1: Architecture When discussing an enterprise network, it is important to consider that most networks are built from a discreet set of interconnected, architectural elements-each of which has its own requirements. A branch office, for example, may not have the same scalability requirements as a data center, but has a greater need for reduced form-factor devices with high-value integrated services. The typical corporate campus network offers users high speed and secure network connectivity, Unified Communication services, wireless services, and access to corporate payroll systems and databases. A well-engineered network must offer workers at branch sites the same network services as campus workers, to maximize productivity and ensure business objectives are met. The Branch-WAN payroll system architecture offers an end-to- end system design that delivers a flexible, scalable, and secure network that supports advanced network services for branch office workers. Figure 2: WAN Payroll system architecture (Frame work)   Ã‚   The WAN payroll system architecture shown in Figure 2 has the following layers: †¢Network Infrastructure-The foundation that provides routing, switching, quality-of-service (QoS), high availability, and other functionalities to ensure that the network is scalable, flexible, and resilient. †¢Integrated Security-This layer extends the corporate security policy to the branch, providing network infrastructure protection, secure communication, threat mitigation, and network monitoring across both the Branch and WAN PINs. †¢Wireless-this layer provides user network connectivity anywhere within the enterprise, giving employees greater flexibility, and increased productivity. †¢Payroll system Intelligence-this layer provides various payroll system optimization techniques using optimization (i.e., TCP flow optimization, data redundancy elimination) and control for payroll system classification and prioritization using QoS. This optimizes use of the WAN bandwidth and, enables branch users to access the same payroll systems as campus users, with similar user experience. †¢Management-this layer provides the ability to easily provision and monitor the network. With these layers, it is imperative that unified communication (i.e., Unified Communication), Media Collaboration (i.e., Tele presence, IP Video Surveillance, Desktop Video, and Digital Media Systems), and Data Web 2.0 (i.e., collaboration payroll systems) work seamlessly across the Branch-WAN solution. Technologies Considered Types: There are number of WAN technologies like point to point connection, circuit switching and packet switching. The WAN communication which is carried over a leased line is called point to point connection. In a point to point network the message from the customers end is traveled to the remote user via an ISP. Circuit switching is the data communication which is stared when there is need to communicate and it is terminated afterwards. It is like a telephone call. When the two users arte connected and identified, the data is transferred in other words voice is transferred. When the transmission of the data is complete the call is disconnected again. Packet switching data network is a WAN technology in which the network of the user is established in the carriers system. The examples of packet switching network include asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), switched multi megabyte data services (SMDS) and frame relay. Optimization The purpose of WAN optimization is to eliminate the flaws in the packet data transfer in shared WAN systems. There are many techniques of optimizing the WAN technology. These optimization techniques include duplication, compression, cashing, protocol spoofing, traffic shaping, equalizing, connection limits and simple rate limits. The process of duplication sends a reference of the actual data, this helps in preventing from data redundancy. In order to present data patterns in an efficient manner compression is used. The process of caching reduces the bandwidth up to 30%. The multiple requests are tied in one bundle using protocol spoofing. Traffic shaping controls the amount of data handling and also monitors and guides the data traffic. When the data is sent according to the priority of the data usage it is known as equalizing. Connection limit averts from the access grid locks in access points and routers due to the lack of service or peer to peer connection. Simple rate limits the users from getting more than the data which has been fixed for their use. The purport of WAN optimization is to overcome the difficulties such as expensive bandwidth and to decrease the users experience time. The scalability of WAN is nowadays an important consideration and hence WAN optimization is used to target such issues as well. The typical small branch design includes a 1.5 Mbps Ethernet private WAN connection. The router terminates the VPN and routing from the central site and implements QoS policy. The router also hosts the following integrated services: †¢Security (Firewall, IPS) †¢Unified Communications (SRST, FXO / FXS ports) †¢Payroll system intelligence The branch also includes a Layer-2 access switch with the following key features: †¢Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) †¢DHCP snooping †¢Spanning tree †¢Class-of-Service (CoS) on access ports †¢QoS †¢Port security †¢Dynamic Address Repayroll system architecture Protocol (ARP) Inspection Wireless LAN may be implemented with a router module or standalone controller/switch. New Issues The key to an effective next-generation WAN architecture? Match technologies and services to interconnection requirements. Herewith a blueprint: Data center-to-data center connectivity: Data center interconnectivity requires high-capacity, low latency links. Although multiprotocol label-switching (MPLS) can do the trick, its often an expensive solution. Telecom architects are increasingly turning to solutions such as carrier Ethernet (either point-to-point or virtual private LAN service, VPLS), or dark fiber or wavelength services. Seventy-one percent of organizations will be deploying some form of carrier Ethernet by the end of 2010, typically for data center-to-data center connectivity. Why? Three reasons: First is cost. On a per-megabit-per-second basis, carrier Ethernet can run 25% to 50% lower than other technologies. Second is bandwidth: with Carrier Ethernet, users are able to procure up to 10Gbps of bandwidth (the equivalent of 2.5 OC-768 circuits). As a result, as bandwidth requirements increase, carrier Ethernet becomes more appealing. Finally, theres the ease of deployment and management. Users report that carrier Ethernet is straightforward to install, and performs reliably. Right off the bat, it worked like a charm, says the CIO of a midsized professional services firm. Data center-to-branch, and branch-to-branch, connectivity: Most organizations (80%) have deployed MPLS, and plan to continue using it for site-to-site connectivity (at least for midsized-to-large sites). Some firms mostly leading-edge organizations are also looking at rolling out carrier Ethernet for the core WAN. The primary challenge? Availability. Carrier Ethernet isnt as widely-available as MPLS. Remote-site and micro branch connectivity: For smaller sites, companies are exploring a range of connectivity options. An Internet VPN is one approach (and one thats increasingly common). A more innovative approach is to deploy 4G wireless technologies, either direct to the router or to each individual employee. Again, the challenge here is availability: Most carriers are just beginning to roll out broadband wireless (in the U.S. at least). Another problem is capacity: Carriers havent designed their networks for use as wired-WAN replacements. References: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_architecture apparchguide.codeplex.com/ www.amazon.com/PatternsApplication-Architecture/0321127420

Eighties Cyberpunk :: Science Fiction Literature Essays Papers

Eighties Cyberpunk In the early 1980's, cyberpunk was used as a label to describe a new form of science fiction written by a group of five writers, which challenged the traditional genres associated with science fiction (Shiner, 7). SF used highly imaginative ideas to project scientific phenomenas, resulting in dreamy, stylized stories of space colonies and flying space crafts. This new science fiction was different, because it incorporated present global, social and technological situations to help induce the future of the world. It generated new outcomes for the future's high technological, society and global environment that would help categorize it into a specific form of writing known as cyberpunk. William Gibson, one of the five writers associated with the cyberpunk genre, is credited by critics and peers for typifying the cyberpunk writing form in his popular novel Neuromancer. Bruce Sterling, Rudy Rucker, John Shirley and Lewis Shiner, the other four writers who helped launch the movement, agree that Gibson's Neuromancer influenced the categorization of the new science fiction as cyberpunk. Therefore, Gibson's novel can be used as a reliable source for defining the cyberpunk genre. With this in mind, we can analyze the high-technology used in Neuromancer and its importance to the cyberpunk form of writing. Gibson creates an advanced technological machine called Flatline's construct, which is a "hardwired ROM cassette replicating a dead man's skills, obsessions, knee jerk responses" (Gibson, 20). This futuristic device that brings back human personalities from the dead, can be viewed as a result of the present fascination with bringing dead people back to life. This fascination is evident in hospital emergency rooms and in game boards like the Ouija board. Both examples are similar the use of he Flatline's construct, in the sense that all three bring life back to the dead. This incorporation of high-technology with society's present interests in mind, is a frequent form recognizable in Neuromancer and in the cyberpunk fiction of Sterling, Rucker, Shirley and Lewis. A common element of genuine cyberpunk writing found in Neuromancer, is Gibson's depiction of the futuristic society and the people who live in it. Once again, Gibson uses the present issues of government and nuclear tension to predict society's future. In Neuromancer, this results in a world ruined by nuclear war. However, the people living in the society continue to survive in the world for personal benefit, or just for the sake of living. Gibson shows an example of this with his characters in Neuromancer. Eighties Cyberpunk :: Science Fiction Literature Essays Papers Eighties Cyberpunk In the early 1980's, cyberpunk was used as a label to describe a new form of science fiction written by a group of five writers, which challenged the traditional genres associated with science fiction (Shiner, 7). SF used highly imaginative ideas to project scientific phenomenas, resulting in dreamy, stylized stories of space colonies and flying space crafts. This new science fiction was different, because it incorporated present global, social and technological situations to help induce the future of the world. It generated new outcomes for the future's high technological, society and global environment that would help categorize it into a specific form of writing known as cyberpunk. William Gibson, one of the five writers associated with the cyberpunk genre, is credited by critics and peers for typifying the cyberpunk writing form in his popular novel Neuromancer. Bruce Sterling, Rudy Rucker, John Shirley and Lewis Shiner, the other four writers who helped launch the movement, agree that Gibson's Neuromancer influenced the categorization of the new science fiction as cyberpunk. Therefore, Gibson's novel can be used as a reliable source for defining the cyberpunk genre. With this in mind, we can analyze the high-technology used in Neuromancer and its importance to the cyberpunk form of writing. Gibson creates an advanced technological machine called Flatline's construct, which is a "hardwired ROM cassette replicating a dead man's skills, obsessions, knee jerk responses" (Gibson, 20). This futuristic device that brings back human personalities from the dead, can be viewed as a result of the present fascination with bringing dead people back to life. This fascination is evident in hospital emergency rooms and in game boards like the Ouija board. Both examples are similar the use of he Flatline's construct, in the sense that all three bring life back to the dead. This incorporation of high-technology with society's present interests in mind, is a frequent form recognizable in Neuromancer and in the cyberpunk fiction of Sterling, Rucker, Shirley and Lewis. A common element of genuine cyberpunk writing found in Neuromancer, is Gibson's depiction of the futuristic society and the people who live in it. Once again, Gibson uses the present issues of government and nuclear tension to predict society's future. In Neuromancer, this results in a world ruined by nuclear war. However, the people living in the society continue to survive in the world for personal benefit, or just for the sake of living. Gibson shows an example of this with his characters in Neuromancer.

Essqy

The perks of being a wallflower The Perks of being a wallflower by Stephen Chbosky is about a boy named Charlie he finds a group of friends sort of like him, who became his friends and introduced him into experience common to many teens. His new group of friends gives Charlie something precious he has never had before: a sense of belonging because he is a lonely teen. For example, Charlie is lonely when he is at home â€Å"it has been very lonely because my sister is busy being the oldest one in our family. My brother is busy being a football player at pen state† (pg 8).He clearly wants to spend time with his family because he loves them. He doesn’t want to be alone. Charlie speaks about his life and says â€Å"so, this is my life and I want you to know that Im both happy and sad and Im trying to figure out how out how that could be† (pg 2). There are certain things that make him sad and happy he wants to know what those things are but Cant. â€Å"In the silence , I remembered this one time that I never told anybody about the time we were walking. Just the three of us. And I was in the middle†¦I just remember walking between them feeling for the first time that I belonged some where† (pg 198).When Charlie is alone he was thinking about how lonely he was and how he felt that he mattered and wasn’t a lone. I think Stephen Chbosky did a good job showing all the emotions and feelings Charlie had because a lot of people and relate to how he is feeling. According to the mental health foundation research shows that one in then people often feel lonely (11%) and half think that people are getting lonelier in general (48%) the report says the way people now live is impacting on their ability to connect with others.More people live alone: The percentage of households occupied by one person doubled from 64% in 1972 to 12% in 2008. (1) In recent years, social psychologist has expressed concern about the friendless male. Many studies h ave concluded that women have better relational skills which help them to be more successful at making and keeping friends. Women on the other hand, are more likely than men to express their emotions and display empathy and compassion in response to the emotions of others. (2) The effects of depression, suicide, drug addiction, alcohol addiction and acute and chronic illness. 3) Many people who are lonely can get help from doing research or going to a professional doctor who can help them they can also try to socialize with family or friends. The Perks of Being a Wallflower shows a boy who deals with loneliness and how he tries to make friends. Feeling alone is bad for your health and if you feel alone you should talk to someone about it and get help. Sources: 1) http://m. ivy-rose. co. uk/Articles/modern-life-leading-to-loneliness 2) http://www. leaderu. com/orgs/probe/docs/lonely. html 3) http://www. psychologistanywhereanytime. com/realationships_psychologist/psychologist_lonelin ess. htm

Legality of Organ Donation

Progress in medical science and technology has contributed to the growth of kidney and other organ transplantations around the world. Nevertheless, the gap between the supply and demand for transplantable organs continues to widen. Chronic shortage of human organs for transplantation is one of the most pressing health policy issues in many developed countries. In recent years, the persistent scarcity of organs for transplantation has invigorated the controversy about the determinants of organ donation rates and the magnitude of their effects. In spite of the media campaigns and other attempts to promote donation, the organs supply cannot keep up with the demand, and the number of patients on waiting lists has been growing steadily during the last decade. The Philippines is no exception to the dilemma on the shortage of transplantable human organs and there is no clear cut policy yet on how the shortage could be swiftly addressed. The Department of Health (DoH) is currently pushing for â€Å"cadaveric organ donation† and this perhaps, might lessen the gap between the supply and demand for transplantable human organs. But how can one tinker freely with the body of a deceased person? Are there laws in the country which give blanket authority to hospital institutions or to a medical practitioner in harvesting transplantable human organs from a deceased person even without a document or a health card indicating that the deceased is a willing donor? The answer is a resounding ‘None’. The Philippines has yet to come up with a law regarding ‘presumed consent’ unlike in many European countries, particularly Spain, which for so long a time has been implementing their own and unique versions of ‘presumed consent laws’. Under presumed consent legislation, a deceased individual is classified as a potential donor in absence of explicit opposition to donation before death. With the positive effect of presumed consent laws vis-a-vis organ donation rates on countries which enforced such, it is high time that the Philippines should follow suit and come up with its own version of presumed consent laws. Senator Richard Gordon took the initiative in making the battlecry for the passage of a presumed consent law as he was astounded by the staggering figures of the National Kidney Transplant Institute (NKTI). The Institute reported that the usual Filipino kidney transplants performed thereat have gone down by 20% while the demand for kidney donation is going up by ten (10) percent annually. Global Reality. Waiting for a suitable donor organ to become available may take one week to many months. Unfortunately, the latter is more often the case. This waiting time has been described by many transplant recipients and their families as the most difficult part of the transplant process. Fear and anxiety are normal reactions during this period of uncertainty. In Europe, the average waiting time is three years and is expected to last for ten years or until 2010. With 120,000 patients on chronic dialysis and 40,000 patients waiting in line for a kidney in Western Europe alone, about 15 to 30 % of these patients will die annually because of organ shortages. Every day in the United States, 17 people die waiting for an organ transplant. The number of people in the waiting list for an organ has more than tripled over the last ten years; at the same time, the number of donors has remained relatively stagnant. In the United Kingdom, the active transplant waiting list is increasing by about 8% a year, and the ageing population and increasing incidence of Type 2 diabetes are likely to exacerbate the shortage of available organs. In 2006, the UK Organ Donation Task Force was established with the task of identifying barriers to donation and making recommendations for increasing organ donation and procurement within the current legal framework. In the U. S. , Great Britain and in many other countries, the gap between the demand and the supply of human organs for transplantation is on the rise, despite the efforts of governments and health agencies to promote donor registration. In 2002, 6679 patients died on the U. S. organ waiting lists before an organ became available, roughly 18 per day . In 2001, 6,439 people died while waiting for a transplant, nearly double the 3,916 candidates who died while waiting just five years earlier in 1996. In spite of media campaigns and other attempts to promote donation, the supply of organs cannot keep up with the demand, and the number of patients on waiting lists has been growing steadily during the last decade. One of the most frequently quoted explanations of the gap between the supply and demand of organs is that the number of families that refuse to grant a consent to donation is still large. Approximately 50% of the families that were approached for an organ donation in the U. S. and Great Britain refused it, compared to around 20% in Spain and around 30% in France. Notably, Spain and France are presumed consent countries. In many countries, including the U. S. , Great Britain, Germany and Australia, cadaveric organ procurement is carried out under the informed consent principle. Under an informed consent law, cadaveric organ extraction requires the explicit consent of the donor before death, which is usually re? ected on a donor registration card. In contrast, in most of continental Europe, cadaveric organ procurement is based on the principle of presumed consent. Under presumed consent legislation, a deceased individual is classi? ed as a potential donor in the absence of explicit opposition to donation before death. The severe shortage of human organs for transplantation in the U. S. has prompted numerous proposals to alleviate this problem. In addition to presumed consent legislation, proposals include ? nancial incentives for donors , xenotransplantation, educational campaigns, organ exchange mechanisms for living donors with incompatible recipients and preferential assignment of organs to registered donors. However, increasing donation consent rates from families is still viewed as the most promising route to increase organ donation. Many analysts and health professionals believe that presumed consent legislation may play an important role in shaping the decision of the families. In an international survey of transplant professionals, 75% of the respondents supported presumed consent legislation, and 39% identi? ed this type of legislation as the most effective measure to increase donation rates, the highest percentage among all measures considered in the survey, followed by improved education with 18%. Several countries, including Spain, Austria, and Belgium, have opted for a change in legislation and introduced presumed consent, whereby organs can be used for transplantation after death unless individuals have objected during their lifetime (an opt out system). Countries vary in how organ donation legislation functions in practice, and the terms â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† have been used to characterize how much emphasis is placed on relatives’ views in these countries. In Austria, for example, a fairly strong version of presumed consent principle is applied, although family views may be taken into account. In Spain, as in most presumed consent countries, even when organ removal can be carried-out by law without the consent of the family, organ coordinators in charge of the donation process do not authorize the extraction of organs without an explicit family approval. Another notable example is Sweden, which goes from an informed consent system to a presumed consent system in 1996. Ten years before, in 1986, Sweden had switched from presumed consent to informed consent. In the data, cadaveric donation rates decreased steadily in Sweden during the informed consent period. This downwards trend seemed to disappear after presumed consent legislation was reinstituted in 1996. National Reality. The National Kidney and Transplant Institute Renal Disease Control estimated 11, 250 Filipinos nationwide developing End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) annually. It is estimated that half of these ESRD patients are suitable kidney transplant candidates but only five percent (5%) are actually transplanted to date because of insufficient organ supply and the affordability of the operative procedure to most patient. The past years have also witnessed the development of â€Å"medical tourism† as exemplified by countries like India, Thailand and Singapore (but now world-wide) as improved hospital facilities in the less developed countries have attracted patients from developed countries where health care costs were expensive and unaffordable especially to those with no health insurance. In 1999, a TV documentary exposed more than a hundred kidney transplants done in a private hospital from living non-related donors coming from the very poor section of the metropolis, called BASECO in Tondo, Manila. The Philippines is among the world's leading providers of trafficked organs. Reuters named China, Pakistan, Egypt, Columbia and the Philippines as the five organ trafficking hotspots. Trafficked organs are either sold domestically, or exported to the US, Europe, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and especially Israel for their transplant patients. In his privilege speech, Senator Miguel Zubiri tackled about the CNN’s feature regarding the thriving trade of human organs, amidst the poverty in the country. Although he commented in CNN’s report where Mr. Hugh Reminton made an erroneous slant on the human organ trade in the country, Zubiri admitted that there are some truth to the report. The truth is – human organ trade, particularly kidneys, is thriving in the country, specifically in the urban poor communities; that after paying-off the donor, the trader abandons them to face post-surgery risks also without medical attention. In addition to this, the organ transplant sector is rife with stories of traders earning millions of pesos after paying-off donors. This statement could be supported by an incident of kidney sale in Lumban, Laguna where Jose Rivero, 31, a tricycle driver, told the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) that he had been promised by the broker that he would be paid Php 300,000. 00 for his kidney. However, he received only Php 66,000. 00 which led him to report to the NBI. Special Investigator 3, Joey Narciso, the case officer, said that the country has no law prohibiting the direct sale of organs to a donor. Nothing has been heard of being caught and punished, of conniving surgeons or clinics who knowingly transplant organs that have been sold. Zubiri even suspected that there are big syndicates that prey on the poor and helpless citizens and exploit their ignorance and vulnerability; syndicates which have a growing clientele that includes foreigners and rich Filipinos. During the same session, Senator Gordon disclosed that the NBI is investigating the alleged involvement of doctors and other medical personnel of prominent hospitals in the illegal organ trade after members of a syndicate were arrested for duping several people from Batangas, Quezon and neighboring provinces into selling their organs. Gordon recommended the adaptation of a presumed consent. Zubiri stated that the suggestion could be included in the Senate Bill No. 460 , authored by Senator Jose Jinggoy Estrada.

The Prevalence of Production Sharing Contracts in Oil and Gas The WritePass Journal

The Prevalence of Production Sharing Contracts in Oil and Gas Abstract The Prevalence of Production Sharing Contracts in Oil and Gas AbstractIntroductionBackgroundResearch TopicAimObjectivesResearch questionsLiterature ReviewKey WordsKey LiteratureGaps in literatureOil and gas in AfricaOil and gas in AngolaContracting in the oil and gas industryProduction Sharing ContractsContracting at Sonangol (Types of contracts)Production sharing contracts at SonangolThe nature of production sharing contracts at SonangolResearch MethodologyFindings  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reasons for the adoption of production sharing contracts at Sonangol  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Advantages of production sharing contracts at Sonangol  Ã‚  Ã‚   iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Disadvantages of production sharing contracts at Sonangol  Ã‚  Ã‚   iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comparison between production sharing contracts and other types of contracts at SonangolDiscussionConclusionReferencesAppendicesRelated Abstract Introduction Background The nature of the environment in which a business operates determines how it engages other players in the sector. This, therefore, determines the types of contracts that businesses get into. The oil and gas industry relies on contracts to carry out its activities just like other business entities do. The oil and gas industry mainly engages production sharing contracts, driven by the numerous stakeholder interests the sector has. Research Topic The Prevalence of Production Sharing Contracts in Oil and Gas (Case Study of Sonangol, an Angolan Oil Company) Aim The aim of the study is to establish the prevalence of production sharing contracts in the oil and gas industry, with particular interest in Sonangol, an oil company in Angola. Objectives The objectives of the study are: To determine the nature of the oil and gas business in Africa To determine the types of contracts administered in the oil and gas sector To determine the share of production sharing contracts relative to other types of contracts To establish the reasons for adoption of production sharing contracts at Sonangol Research questions What types of contracts does Sonangol engage? Are production sharing contracts prevalent at Sonangol? Why does Sonangol adopt production sharing contracts? What benefits and challenges do Sonangol get by using production sharing contracts? Literature Review Key Words Contracts, Production Sharing Contracts, Effects, Prevalence, Economics, International Oil Companies, National Oil Companies, Angola Key Literature Bindemann, K., 1999. Production Sharing Agreements: An Economic Analysis This source touches on the economics of production sharing agreements with reference to oil and gas in Angola and the Middle East. Bindemann, K. 2000. The Response of Oil Contracts to Extreme Price Movements. Discussion Paper. Department of Economics (University of Oxford). Fattouh, B. and Darbouche, H., 2010. North African oil and foreign investment in changing market conditions. Energy Policy, 38(2), pp.119-1129. Gaps in literature Most literature refers to situations in North Africa and the Middle East and not Angola or Sonangol. Most available literature is more than five years old. Chances are that the conditions have changed, rendering them irrelevant to current circumstances This section presents an analysis of existing literature on Oil and Gas in Africa and Angola in particular, while studying the types of contracts that oil and gas companies utilize. This is broken down into subtopics as follows: Oil and gas in Africa This section provides a general overview of the oil and gas industry, highlighting the major players: companies, countries, communities, and other stakeholders. History of the oil and gas industry in Africa Challenges in the African oil and gas industry Oil and gas in Angola This section provides an overview of the Angolan oil and gas industry, highlighting the major players: companies, communities, and other stakeholders. History of the oil and gas industry in Angola Challenges in the Angolan oil and gas industry Merits of oil and gas to the Angolan Economy Contracting in the oil and gas industry Types of contracts administered in the global oil and gas industry Comparison between contracting in Africa and the Middle East Production Sharing Contracts Identify the parties involved Terms and conditions Benefits/demerits Contracting at Sonangol (Types of contracts) Encompasses all types of contractual agreements Sonangol engages Criteria Sonangol uses to select the type of contractual agreements it uses Ratio of contracts based on type Production sharing contracts at Sonangol The nature of production sharing contracts at Sonangol Parties involved Responsibility Terms and conditions Research Methodology The study will follow the constructivist approach and rely on the analysis of secondary data that will be obtained both from the private and public domain. Of particular interest will be records from Sonangol and researches published in journals. The research will use catalogues to locate relevant books and indexes to locate appropriate periodicals. In addition, the study will use the Internet to find relevant electronic resources and databases. An analysis of the books, periodicals, and databases would follow to ascertain the authority and quality of information. Data analysis will be quantitative. Findings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reasons for the adoption of production sharing contracts at Sonangol   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Advantages of production sharing contracts at Sonangol   Ã‚  Ã‚   iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Disadvantages of production sharing contracts at Sonangol   Ã‚  Ã‚   iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comparison between production sharing contracts and other types of contracts at Sonangol Discussion Discuss the reasons for the prevalence of production sharing contracts at Sonangol, their merits, demerits, and challenges. Conclusion Summary of the suitability of production sharing contracts at Sonangol. Are they the best for the oil and gas industry? Should they be upheld? References List of all works cited in the study Appendices Relevant documents, tables, and graphs

Literature Review of Emotional Intelligence in Managers Essays

Literature Review of Emotional Intelligence in Managers Essays Literature Review of Emotional Intelligence in Managers Essay Literature Review of Emotional Intelligence in Managers Essay The authors of the two journals review and provide valuable information on the work, life and emotional management of managers and leaders and how it is being intertwined with and embedded in the managing processes, implications on the employees? moods and emotions. The keyword in the two papers is emotional intelligence. However, it is arguable that they focused heavily on the aspects of emotional intelligence and leadership, and ignored other psychological forces that influence an individual. The research will be analysed closely by reviewing their arguments and findings. Humphrey et al. , (2008) research agrees on the use of emotional intelligence and emotional labour by leaders, how leaders? emotions influences the moods and emotions of their employees. The paper develops 15 propositions that provide an insight on how leaders perform emotional labour, leading with deep acting and surface acting. They concluded that success is obtained through leading with emotional labour, though sometimes costly especially for those engaged in surface acting. Trainings for leaders and managers on how to express their emotions effectively may help make the workplace more productive and enjoyable for both leaders and followers. Brotheridge and Lee, 2008 research provides an insight on the impact the expressed emotions of managers have on their work units „emotional climate, their employees? motions and the organization? s emotional health and overall success. The authors agree that at the heart of all working relationships are emotions (Burkitt, 1997, 2002; De Rivera and Grinkis, 1995); thus, emotions are the substance of managerial work and argues that leaders need to be knowledgeable on both emotional and social control and expectations that arise from gender roles. They concluded emotions are essential for managerial work and managers are expected to manage their emotions and their e mployees?. These two journals are almost completely similar as the authors review and argue on about the same issue – management with emotions, use of emotional intelligence. Brotheridge and Lee, (2008) argue that emotions and emotional skills are essential for day to day managerial work and leaders should learn to express their emotions more as that will result in more benefits for them instead of conducting business in a non-emotional â€Å"business-like manner†. Brotheridge and Lee, (2008) agree with Humphrey et al. , (2008) that managers must attend to their wn emotions and express them appropriately or experience declines in their personal emotional health. The influence the moods and emotions displayed by managers have on their subordinates? feelings, moods and emotion as well was highly emphasized in the two papers. The authors both agree that to a large extent, for a successful result, managers may need to engage in emotional labour. Managers may have to display a wide var iety of emotions and will require judgement about which emotion to display at a particular time depending on the situation which arises. Brotheridge and Lee, (2008) agrees with Humphrey et al. (2008) argument that managers who engage in deep acting (i. e. attempt to feel the emotions that they are expressing) are more likely to transmit their emotions to their employees than managers who are engaging in surface acting or are not regulating their emotional expression. Humphrey et al. , (2008) and Brotheridge and Lee, (2008) argue that leaders must be emotionally intelligent to be effective. As stated by Humphrey et al. 2008 proposition 10: Leaders high on emotional intelligence will be better at recognizing when situational demands call for performing emotional labour (2008: 161). But again, looking at the concept of leadership and management, the similarities and differences, it can be argued that leadership and management are two different, thus, leadership does not require emotional intelligence and it is best used for management. Arguably, we can say that even though managers and leaders are expected to lead with e motions, different people carry with them different personalities. If not properly trained on how to manage emotions and when to use, a manager may get carried away on when to use his/ her emotions and could be seen as a weakling. The employees working with these managers also have a role to play. A manager can only get a successful result, when he gets around studying and understanding the personalities of the employees under him to avoid a clash of personality. Also, pressure from the higher level management and home affairs can affect managers and leaders and may be displayed in their attitude to work. Humphrey et al. (2008) and Brotheridge and Lee, (2008) agree that managers would require to perform emotional labour. However, it can be argued that emotional labour increases emotional stress and causes emotional exhaustion which could result in reduced levels of employees? job dissatisfaction (Brotheridge and Grandey, 2002). Furthermore, cultures vary in their expectations for regulating and expressing emotions in the workplace (Cooper, Doucet am p; Pratt, 2003). In conclusion, Humphrey et al. , (2008) and Brotheridge and Lee, (2008) arguments were very valid and provided a valuable knowledge. Management and leadership though could be different, but are two complimentary systems of action and both require use of emotional intelligence to operate successfully. Employees? feelings and emotions are influenced through emotional contagion. Managers need to manage their personal emotions so that they are expressing positive emotions and not result in a decline in their emotional health. They must be attentive to their emotional reactions when making decisions, and the effect of their emotions on the quality of these decisions (Kida et al. 2001; Lurie, 2004). I believe gender has no factor in excelling in emotional management. I agree with Humphrey et al. , (2008) instead of telling managers and other leaders not to express their emotions, training on how to express their emotions effectively should be taken into consideration. This may help them use either deep acting or genuine emotional expressions and avoid the harmful psychological effects that accompany surface acting.